Nooglutyl

Description

What is Nooglutyl?

Nooglutyl powder is also known as ONK-10 or N-5-(Hydroxynicotinoyl)-l-glutamic acid. It is an experimental compound recently developed as a potential treatment for amnesia therapy at the Research Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.

Nooglutyl is a compound of L-glutamic and oxynicotinic acids with glutamatergic actions, and is a highly effective treatment for memory and learning disorders, preventing ischemic neuronal damage and brain injury.

What is Nooglutyl?

Nooglutyl powder is also known as ONK-10 or N-5-(Hydroxynicotinoyl)-l-glutamic acid. It is an experimental compound recently developed as a potential treatment for amnesia therapy at the Research Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.

Nooglutyl is a compound of L-glutamic and oxynicotinic acids with glutamatergic actions, and is a highly effective treatment for memory and learning disorders, preventing ischemic neuronal damage and brain injury.

How Does Nooglutyl Work?

The mechanism of action of some nootropic agents that act as AMPA receptor agonists, such as Nooglutyl, is through the activation of glutamine AMPA receptors in neurons. These drugs affect two processes during memory consolidation: membrane depolarization and CREB protein activation.

Depolarization occurs when glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter, is released into the synapse and stimulates the AMPA receptors on the receiving neuron surface. The other surface protein, the NMDA receptor, also reacts to glutamate. This leads to a chain of molecular interactions resulting in the formation of cyclic AMP and activation of the CREB protein.

The CREB activation is crucial for memory consolidation as it helps activate genes responsible for the synthesis of protein enhancers of specific synapses. The AMPA mimetics enhance memory by facilitating the depolarization reaction of AMPA receptors to glutamate and increasing the level of active CREB in cells by suppressing the destruction of cyclic AMP by phosphodiesterase. [R]

Researchers are looking into whether Nooglutyl could be used to treat and manage several neurological and psychological disorders.

Nooglutyl Research

Numerous animal models and human studies have been conducted on the potential application of Nooglutyl. Below follow some of the relevant findings:

Nooglutyl on Neuroprotection Stroke

The study examined the neuroprotective properties of Nooglutyl in rats with experimentally induced hemorrhagic stroke. Nooglutyl reduced stroke-induced brain damage, suggesting its potential as a neuroprotective drug in the treatment of this condition.

However, additional research is required to confirm these findings and understand other central nervous system effects.[R]

Nooglutyl on Chronic Cerebral Ischemia

Nootropics, which are also called “cognitive enhancers,” are being looked into as a way to treat chronic cerebral ischemia. Chronic cerebral ischemia is when blood flow to the brain is cut off for a long time. This can cause memory loss and a higher risk of having a stroke. Studies have shown that some nootropics, like piracetam, help people with chronic cerebral ischemia think more clearly.

Researchers have found that these drugs improve blood flow to the brain, increase neuronal plasticity, and reduce oxidative stress. All of these things are thought to contribute to their positive effect on cognitive function.

The article focuses on the mechanisms of action of nootropics in the therapy of chronic cerebral ischemia. More research is needed to determine the specific effects of nooglutyl on cerebral ischemia.[R]

Nooglutyl on Brain Injury

A study was conducted to understand the effect of Nooglutyl and glycine N-phenyl-L-prolyl ethyl ester, two new nootropics, on work (GVS-111). It was found that Nooglutyl, which is made from L-glutamic and oxynicotinic acids and has glutamatergic effects, is a very effective drug for treating problems with memory and learning, and protecting against ischemic neuronal damage and brain injury.

GVS-111 is a substituted prolyl dipeptide that improves cognitive functions and can stop learning problems caused by shock, scopolamine, brain injury, and other things that hurt the brain. The nootropic effects of nooglutyl and GVS-111 are caused by multimodal mechanisms.[R]

In another study, Nooglutyl rats demonstrate to have a protective effect on mitochondrial function in the brain after a craniocerebral injury. When compared to other medicines, nooglutyl’s effect on the efficiency of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation throughout the posttraumatic period in young rats is the most striking.[R]

More studies are needed to validate these results and to pinpoint the precise mechanisms of action of Nooglutyl in neuronal damage and brain injury.

Nooglutyl on Behavior and Memory

Nooglutyl was found to have a good influence on memory creation and retention, as well as on the majority of cognitive processes of laboratory animals. 20 mg/kg of nooglutyl has a beneficial effect on the behavior and memory of SAMP10 mice aged 9 months. The reported improvements include enhanced locomotor activity in the open field test, reduced anxiety in the raised plus maze test, and enhanced retrieval of the passive avoidance response.

It is important to remember that the results of this study may not be directly applicable to humans and that more research is needed to fully understand how Nooglutyl affects cognitive function.[R]

Nooglutyl on Motion Sickness

The symptoms of motion sickness include feeling sick to one’s stomach, discomfort, and dizziness when subjected to certain types of motion, such as traveling in a vehicle or boat. Experiments have shown that the compound Nooglutyl has strong vestibular protective properties and can effectively prevent motion sickness, similar to classic drugs like scopolamine and diphenhydramine.

Nooglutyl alters spontaneous activity in 80% of neurons in certain areas of the cortex (somatosensory zone I and area 5 of the parietal association cortex). Nooglutyl considerably weakens the effects caused by motion sickness by enhancing activity in zone I of the body’s somatosensory cortex and inhibiting neuron responses to somatic stimulation.

It is important to note that the results of this study focus on lab animals; it may not be directly applicable to humans, and more research is needed to fully understand Nooglutyl as a potential treatment for motion sickness. [R]

Nooglutyl on Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol

The study described in the article focuses on the effects of a compound called nooglutil on functional disorders in the central nervous system caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol in rats. Prenatal exposure to alcohol can have harmful effects on the development of the central nervous system, resulting in various functional disorders.

It showed that giving rats a daily dose of 25 mg/kg of the nootropic drug nooglutyl from the 8th to the 20th day of their life prevented disruptions in higher cognitive functions and chemical processes in the brain that were caused by alcohol exposure. [R]

This study focused on lab animals and may not apply to humans. More research is needed to properly understand the nooglutyl effects on prenatal exposure to alcohol.

Nooglutyl on Benzodiazepine Withdrawal

The study looks at how the compound nooglutil affects benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms and how it changes the way 3H-spiperone binds to D2 receptors in the rat striatum. The study’s results could tell us more about how nooglutil affects the way the brain sends dopamine signals and how it might be used to treat benzodiazepine withdrawal.

After 24 hours of not taking diazepam, rats that had been given nooglutil intraperitoneally at a dose of 70 mg/kg had less anxiety in the Vogel conflict test.[R]

Nooglutyl on Cognitive Impairments

A study compares the effects of three different compounds (ONK, piracetam, and meclofenoxate) on the learning and memory problems caused by three different drugs (scopolamine, clonidine, and methergoline). The goal of the study was probably to find out which of the three compounds is best at reducing or stopping the bad effects that these drugs have on learning and memory.

The study’s results would be important for figuring out how these compounds could be used to treat cognitive problems caused by some drugs.

ONK (50 mg/kg) was given intravenously, piracetam (600 mg/kg), and meclofenoxate (100 mg/kg)were given orally once a day for 5 days before training stopped clonidine from making rats forget what they learned in the shuttle box and methergoline from making rats forget what they learned in the step-down box.

The anti-memory effects that were seen with the nootropic drugs that were studied are likely caused by their effects on cholinergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic neurotransmission.

The positive effect that ONK has on cognition could be useful for therapy, but further research is suggested to fully understand the effect of ONK/ Nooglutyl.