Mitoquinone Mesylate (MitoQ)

Description

Overview of Mitoquinone Mesylate (MitoQ)

Mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ) is a synthetic analogue of ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10) conjugated to a lipophilic triphenylphosphonium (TPP⁺) cation. 

Researchers believe that the structural modification was designed to drive selective accumulation of the antioxidant moiety within the mitochondrial matrix. 

Researchers study MitoQ primarily because its TPP⁺-conjugated structure gives it significantly improved mitochondrial penetration compared to unmodified coenzyme Q10. 

Researchers believe that MitoQ might be a useful compound to study mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, redox cycling, and downstream inflammatory and apoptotic signaling in experimental models.

MitoQ is intended strictly for laboratory research purposes and is not approved for human or animal consumption.

Proposed Mechanism of Action of MitoQ

Research models have characterized MitoQ's mitochondrial targeting as dependent on its lipophilic TPP⁺ cation, which is well established in the literature to accumulate within the electronegative mitochondrial matrix. 

Once inside the mitochondrial matrix, research indicates MitoQ is continually reduced by the respiratory chain to its active ubiquinol form. It then scavenges excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) before being reoxidized and recycled. 

Chemical & Molecular Properties

Property	Description
Common Name	Mitoquinone Mesylate (MitoQ)
Synonyms	MitoQ10 mesylate; Mitoquinone methanesulfonate; Mito Q10
Chemical Classification	Triphenylphosphonium (TPP⁺)-conjugated ubiquinone derivative; mitochondria-targeted antioxidant
Molecular Formula	C₃₈H₄₇O₇PS
Molecular Weight	678.81–678.83 g/mol
CAS Number	845959-50-4
PubChem CID	11388331
UNII	6E01CG547T
InChIKey	GVZFUVXPTPGOQT-UHFFFAOYSA-M
IUPAC Name	[10-(4,5-Dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)decyl]triphenylphosphanium methanesulfonate
Solubility	Water: up to 100 mg/mL (ultrasonication required); DMSO and ethanol: up to 100 mg/mL
Storage Stability	Store sealed at -20°C, protected from moisture
Analytical Characterization	HPLC, NMR spectroscopy

Potential Research Applications of MitoQ

Researchers investigate MitoQ under controlled laboratory conditions for the following research applications. Though more extensive study is required.

• Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and ROS Scavenging Research 

Used as a reference mitochondria-targeted antioxidant to study reactive oxygen species scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition in research models.

• Inflammasome and Inflammatory Signaling Research

Investigated for effects on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and downstream inflammatory cytokine production in preclinical models.

• Metabolic and Pancreatic Cell Research 

Investigated in pancreatic β-cell models for effects on oxidative stress and insulin secretion under glucotoxicity and glucolipotoxicity conditions.

Why Order MitoQ Powder from Purerawz?

At Purerawz, MitoQ Powder is supplied exclusively for research and analytical purposes, with an emphasis on quality and consistency. Available supporting documentation may include batch records, Certificates of Analysis (CoAs), and analytical testing data to assist laboratories in confirming product identity and evaluating key quality attributes.

Since research methodologies and experimental goals vary, investigators should carefully review all available technical information before use. Assessing the provided specifications and analytical documentation helps ensure the material is suitable for the intended laboratory procedures and research applications.

Frequently Asked Questions

What makes MitoQ different from conventional antioxidants?

MitoQ is designed with a triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) moiety attached to a quinone structure, allowing researchers to investigate a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant rather than a non-targeted redox compound.

Why is the triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) group important in MitoQ?

The TPP+ group is a lipophilic cation that enables MitoQ to associate with mitochondrial membranes under experimental conditions, making it a valuable tool for studying mitochondrial redox processes.

Which analytical techniques are commonly used to characterize MitoQ?

Researchers commonly use high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy to verify identity, purity, and structural integrity.

Why is MitoQ widely studied in mitochondrial research?

MitoQ serves as a useful research compound for investigating mitochondrial function, oxidative processes, cellular bioenergetics, and redox signaling in controlled laboratory experiments.

What should researchers review before using MitoQ Powder?

Before beginning experimental work, investigators should examine the available Certificate of Analysis (CoA), batch-specific analytical data, storage recommendations, and product specifications to confirm the material aligns with their laboratory protocols and research objectiv

Reference Links

Kelso, G. F., Porteous, C. M., Coulter, C. V., Hughes, G., Porteous, W. K., Ledgerwood, E. C., Smith, R. A. J., & Murphy, M. P. (2001). Selective targeting of a redox-active ubiquinone to mitochondria within cells: Antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276(7), 4588–4596. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M009093200

Mitchell, T., Rotaru, D., Saba, H., Smith, R. A. J., Murphy, M. P., & MacMillan-Crow, L. A. (2011). The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mitoquinone protects against cold storage injury of renal tubular cells and rat kidneys. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 336(3), 682–692. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.110.176743

Dashdorj, A., Jyothi, K. R., Lim, S., Jo, A., Nguyen, M. N., Ha, J., Yoon, K.-S., Kim, H. J., Park, J.-H., Murphy, M. P., & Kim, S. S. (2013). Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ ameliorates experimental mouse colitis by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory cytokines. BMC Medicine, 11, 178. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3750576/

McManus, M. J., Murphy, M. P., & Franklin, J. L. (2011). The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ prevents loss of spatial memory retention and early neuropathology in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neuroscience, 31(44), 15703–15715. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0552-11.2011

Ashraf, R., et al. (2022). Pharmacological significance of MitoQ in ameliorating mitochondria-related diseases. Advances in Redox Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arres.2022.100034

Disclaimer:

The products sold by Purerawz are intended solely for laboratory and research purposes. They are not FDA-approved for human or animal consumption, and Purerawz does not sell these compounds for use in humans or animals. All compounds are strictly for use by qualified researchers in controlled, non-clinical laboratory environments in compliance with applicable regulations.