Centrophenoxine

What is Centrophenoxine?

Centrophenoxine, also known as meclofenoxate, is a cholinergic nootropic. It is capable of increasing acetylcholine levels in the brain. This is significant given that the acetylcholine neurotransmitter regulates various crucial functions, i.e., learning, memory, etc.

The nootropic was originally developed in 1959 in France as a potential treatment for various age-related brain disorders, such as dementia. Clinical research has shown that Centrophenoxine may be helpful in medium-level dementias in quite old groups of patients. [R]

In preclinical studies, Centrophenoxine has demonstrated the potential ability to protect nerve cells from oxidative damage. It may also reduce the damage caused by free radicals, increase the activity of major antioxidants in the brain, and expedite energy use in the brain’s cells. [R][R][R]

How does Centrophenoxine Work?

Centrophenoxine is made up of two chemical compounds: Dimethyl-aminoethanol (DMAE) and parachlorphenoxyacetic acid (pCPA). DMAE, a natural substance found in some foods and in small amounts in the brain, is the main active ingredient of this compound.

Once it is absorbed in the human body, Centrophenoxine is potentially broken down into DMAE and pCPA. Afterward, DMAE reportedly converts to choline before crossing the blood-brain barrier, while the remaining Centrophenoxine circulates through the bloodstream. [R][R]

Here are the proposed mechanisms of action for Centrophenoxine:

• Potentially Increases acetylcholine in the brain. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter that contracts smooth muscles, slows heart rate, and dilates blood vessels. It is thought to play a major role in memory and learning. [R][R]
• Potentially Increases glucose uptake. At least two preclinical studies have demonstrated that Centrophenoxine may potentially increase glucose uptake (more energy) and promotes blood flow (more oxygen) within the brain and neurons. [R][R]
• Potentially Enhances RNA production. In one of the above clinical studies, Centrophenoxine was found to potentially cause protein turnover in neurons, boosting RNA production. This effect was more evident in neurons where damaged proteins could be replaced. [R]
• Reduces lipofuscin levels. Lipofuscin is an aging pigment that potentially builds up in cells (including neurons) with age. It is responsible for causing brown liver spots on the skin. CPH has been shown to reduce lipofuscin concentrations in animals. [R]

Centrophenoxine Research

What follows is a summary of the available research on Centrophenoxine. The information offered in this section is for information purposes only.

Centrophenoxine and Dementia

In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial, elderly dementia patients were administered Centrophenoxine or a placebo. Results from the trial show that Centrophenoxine treatment may have caused improvement in memory functions in 48% of patients against 28% of the placebo group. [R]

Another trial explored the effects of Centrophenoxine and another synthetic compound on elderly patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer’s type (SDAT). Prolonged treatment with both compounds potentially improved cognitive performance (attention, concentration, memory, IQ). [R]

Lastly, a double-blind pilot trial studied the effects of Centrophenoxine on the mental ability of older patients with mild-to-moderate degrees of dementia. Results from this study show that the CPH group potentially improved on all key metrics compared with control group members. [R]

Centrophenoxine and Neuroprotection

Results from a preclinical study show that Centrophenoxine potentially increases the activity of antioxidants in the brain. This finding led the researchers to conclude that CPH supplementation may be potentially beneficial in combating oxidative stress conditions in the aging brain. [R]

In another preclinical study, Centrophenoxine potentially reduced the reduction of lipofuscin (the age pigment) and had a positive effect on cell metabolic functions. The nootropic also reportedly caused a delay in the aging of glial cells (non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system). [R]

Additionally, when administered to rats with various types of brain injury, it prevented some cognitive deficits that may have been caused by elevated oxidative stress.

CPH was found to thwart impairments to memory, motor control, and overall cognitive function. [R]

Centrophenoxine and Learning & Memory

In a clinical study involving 60 healthy elderly individuals, Centrophenoxine treatment reportedly promoted the formation of long-term memories. A significant number of subjects receiving the nootropic also potentially increased an increased level of mental alertness. [R]

A preclinical study was made to examine the effects of this nootropic compound on learning and memory. The treated animals learned the devised task in fewer attempts than untreated ones.

The compound also significantly improved memory in old mice after three months of treatment. [R]

Centrophenoxine and Lifespan

Results from an animal study demonstrated that Centrophenoxine increased the lifespan of treated mice by up to 40%. CPH was found to reduce the activity of four substances – lipofuscin pigments, lysosomal enzymes, acid phostase, and simple esterase – implicated in the aging process. [R]

Another animal study found that Centrophenoxine may reverse the effects of aging in the brain. It could reportedly do that by reducing lipofuscin concentration and lipid peroxidation. However, clinical research is needed to examine the effects of CPH on aging in humans. [R]

Where to Buy Centrophenoxine?

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Summary

Various clinical trials have shown that Centrophenoxine possesses the potential to be a useful therapeutic treatment for dementia. In preclinical studies, this nootropic has exhibited the potential ability to induce neuro-protection, increase lifespan and enhance learning and memory.

Long-term clinical studies are needed to fully understand the safety and associated risks of Centrophenoxine powder and capsules.